Konsa Neza, Inkingi y’Ubuzima n’Ubwenge: Uko Iminsi 1,000 ya Mbere y’Umwana Ari Ishoramari ry’Ejo Hazaza.

Mu Rwanda no hirya no hino ku isi, iminsi 1,000 ya mbere y’umwana kuva igihe umubyeyi atwite kugeza umwana agejeje ku myaka ibiri ifatwa nk’igihe cy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi mu mikurire y’ubwonko, ubuzima rusange n’ubushobozi bwo kwiga no gutekereza neza. Iyi minsi ni amahirwe adasubira yo gushora mu buzima bw’umwana, binyuze mu mirire iboneye, isuku n’uburyo bwo kwita ku buzima bw’umwana n’umubyeyi.

Ni muri urwo rwego, u Rwanda rwatangije ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza ababyeyi, cyane cyane ababyeyi b’abagore, konsa neza, nk’isoko y’ubuzima bw’umwana. Ubu bukangurambaga buhuje n’icyumweru mpuzamahanga cyo konsa cyatangijwe ku ya 1 Kanama 2025, bukazamara ukwezi kose mu gihugu hose. Ubuyobozi bwa NCDA (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Umwana) burahamagarira buri muryango, ababyeyi n’abagabo by’umwihariko, kugira uruhare mu guhindura imyumvire n’imyitwarire idahwitse igihari ku bijyanye no konsa nyamara ariryo shoramari rikomeye ry’ejo hazaza.

• Konsa neza ni inkingi y’iterambere ry’umwana.

Konsa neza, ni uguha umwana amashereka kuva akivuka kugeza nibura ku mezi 24, ariko by’umwihariko mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’ubuzima bw’umwana nta kindi kintu na kimwe kimuvangiwemo. Aya mashereka ni yo ntungamubiri yonyine umwana akeneye,arimo amazi amumara inyota, ibirinda umubiri n’intungamubiri zifasha ubwonko gukura neza.
Nk’uko Ntimugura Jean Yves, ushinzwe imirire myiza n’ubukangurambaga bugamije kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana bato muri NCDA, abisobanura.

Ati:“Abana bato bamara umwanya munini basinziriye,ntabwo bisobanuye ko umubyeyi yareka konsa agomba kumushyira ku ibere buri masaha abiri cyangwa atatu,konsa inshuro umunani ku munsi ni ingenzi mu mikurire y’umwana ntawuba agomba kuzijya munsi, iyo umwana atonse neza, aba atakaje amahirwe yo gukura neza mu mubiri no mu bwenge,kumwonsa neza ni ishoramari ku hazaza he cyane cyane mu mezi atandatu yambere akonka ntakindi kintu nakimwe avangiwemo abajya bamuha amata baba basubije inyuma imikurireye n’ubushobozi bwe haba mubwenge no mugihagararo.”

Yves yakomeje avuga ko kuruhuka kumubyeyi no kurya neza indyo yuzuye ari ingenzi mu kubona amashereka ahagije.
Ati:“Iyo umubyeyi aruhutse, agafata indyo yuzuye kandi afite umutuzo mu rugo, amashereka aza neza kandi akaba ahagije, ni inshingano z’umuryango wose gutuma umubyeyi abasha konsa neza, haba ku bijyanye n’imirire ye cyangwa mu mutuzo w’amarangamutima kuko iyo ntamutuzo afite nabyo usanga bigira ingaruka mu konsa nibwo usanga ngo umubyeyi yabuze amashereka.”

• Isuku: urufunguzo rwo kurinda ubuzima bw’umwana.

Benshi mu babyeyi bibwira ko konsa ari igikorwa gisanzwe cyoroshye. Nyamara hari amakosa akunze kugaragara nko konsa nta gukaraba intoki, guhagarika konsa hakiri kare, cyangwa kumva ko amashereka adahagije no kubura umwanya wo kwita ku mwana no kumwereka urugwiro nk’umubyeyi.

Josephine Kayumba, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imirire mu Kigo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Iterambere ry’Abana (UNICEF) mu Rwanda, asobanura uruhare rw’isuku mu gihe cyo konsa.

Ati:“Mu gihe umubyeyi agiye konsa umwana, gukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune ni ingenzi cyane kuko intoki zishobora kuba zirimo udukoko twanduza indwara twinjira mu mwana binyuze ku ibere, bigatera indwara zo mu nda, impiswi ndetse n’uburibwe,diyare yongera imirire mibi,iyo umwana muto amaze iminsi icumi arwaye impiswi mu minsi 1,000 ya mbere, aba atangiye gusigara mu rugendo rw’imikurire.”

Josephine Kayumba ashimangira ko abajyanama b’ubuzima baha ababyeyi inyigisho zijyanye no konsa neza, no gushyira isuku imbere. Ibi bishimangirwa n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na RBC, bwagaragaje ko gukaraba intoki neza bigabanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri ku kigero cya 40%, kandi abana bonka neza umubyeyi afite isuku bagira ibyago bike byo kurwara impiswi ku kigero cya 47% ugereranyije n’abandi.

• Igwingira: ikibazo gikomeye cyugarije abana batonka neza.

Imibare ya DHS 2020–2021 yerekana ko abana 33% bagwingiye. Igwingira rifitanye isano n’imirire mibi no kutonsa neza,abana bagwingiye kubera kutonka neza bagira ikibazo cy’ubwenge n’ubushobozi bwo kwiga.

Ntimugura Jean Yves, ushinzwe imirire myiza n’ubukangurambaga bugamije kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana bato muri NCDA,abisobanura agira ati:
“Ubonye umwana wagwingiye akiri muto, si umubiri gusa uba warahungabanye,ubwonko bw’umwana ntibuba bwarakuze neza,iyo ageze mu ishuri usanga atabasha kwiga neza nk’abandi.”

Yongeraho ko amashereka aramutse atanzwe uko bikwiye, umwana agira ubudahangarwa, akarindwa indwara kandi agakura neza akabasha no kwiga neza mu ishuri.

• Amabere si umurimbo ku mubyeyi wamaze kubyara.

Imyumvire imwe iri mu bagore cyane cyane abo mu mijyi igira ingaruka ku iyubahirizwa rya gahunda yo konsa. Bamwe banga konsa abana ngo amabere atagwa. Leandre Ntigurirwa ushinzwe gukurikirana ihindura myumvire mubijyanye n’ubuzima kuri NCDA avuga ko iyo umuntu yamaze kubyara amabere aba atakiri imitako kuri we kuko aba yamaze kuba inkongoro y’umwana.

Ati:“Amabere ntabwo aba akiri imitako iyo umubyeyi amaze kubyara,aba yabaye inkongoro z’umwana, umugore ufite imyumvire yo kwanga konsa kuko amabere azagwa ni ukubuza umwana amahirwe yo kugira ubuzima,ni ukwambura umwana amahirwe ye yo gukura neza, ni ikibazo cyagaragaye cyane kikibangamira intego y’igihugu yo kurwanya igwingira no kwita kumwana ariko ibi bigomba guhinduka kuko konsa neza n’ishoramari ry’ejo hazaza.”

Intego ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ni ukugabanya igwingira rikagera kuri 19% rivuye kuri 33% mu 2020. Ni urugendo ruzakomeza ku buryo muri 2050 abana bagwingira mu Rwanda bazaba batarenze 3%.

Mu rwego rwo kurwanya igwingira n’imirire mibi, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyize imbere gahunda ya NST2 (National Strategy for Transformation 2), iteganyiriza imyaka 2024–2029. Mu ntego zayo harimo kugabanya igwingira ry’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, kongera igipimo cy’abana bonka neza, n’iterambere ry’ubuvuzi bwita ku mirire n’isuku

Imibare igaragaza ko:

• Abana bashyirwa ku ibere mu isaha ya mbere bavutse ari 85.3% (DHS 2020)
• Abonsa mu mezi 6 ya mbere nta kindi bivangiwemo ari 80.9%
• Ubushaka shatsi bwagaragaje ko gukaraba intoki bigabanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri ku kigero cya 40%
• Konsa neza bigabanya impfu z’abana bato ku kigero cya 13%

Jean Yves avuga kandi ko konsa neza atari igikorwa kigomba gukorwa kubushacye ahubwo ari uburenganzira bw’umwana, inshingano z’umubyeyi, n’ishoramari ry’igihugu cyose.

Ati:”Iyo umwana yonse neza mu minsi 1,000 ya mbere, ahabwa amahirwe yo gukura neza no gutsinda mu ishuri ,konsa neza si ugukiza inzara gusa, ni ugutanga ubuzima,ni ishoramari rihamye mu hazaza h’umwana n’igihugu.”

By Hadjara Nshimiyimana