Umuranga yafatwaga nk’inkingi y’Umuryango mu Rwanda rwo hambere

Mu muco wo mu Rwanda rwo hambere na n’ubu utaraca injishi, habagaho umuntu witwaga Umuranga wabaga afite uruhare runini mu bukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, akagira inshingano zikomeye zo guhuza imiryango ibiri ikabasha gushyingirana.

Umukobwa wabaga atarabona umushima akamushimagiza akamuranga mu muryango ufite umusore, yaheraga iwabo n’ubwo bitakundaga kubaho. Iyo niyo yabaye inkomoko y’umugani w’Ikinyarwanda ugira uti “Umukobwa wabuze umuranga, yaheze mwa nyina.”

Cyari ikizira mu Rwanda rwo hambere ko Umusore cyangwa se inkumi birambagiriza, ababyeyi na bo byari umuziro ko binjira mu byo gushakira abana babo. Aho rero niho hakenerwaga umuhuza w’imiryango yombi ngo izagere ku ntego yo kubana, uwo niwe bitaga “Umuranga”.

Abantu benshi bakunze gutsitsuranira ku nshingano z’Umuranga n’icyo yari ashinzwe mu muryango mu Rwanda rwo hambere, ari naho bahera bibaza niba umuranga akiri ngombwa mu bihe by’umusirimuko w’ikinyejana gishya.
Amashirakinyoma y’iyo migenzereze ikomoka ku bakurambere, aboneka mu gitabo “Umuco mu buvanganzo” cyanditswe na Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu , inzobere mu Muco, ubusizi n’amateka y’u Rwanda.

Umuranga yabaga ari umuntu ukomeye mu muryango nyarwanda, by’umwihariko agace atuyemo, yabaga ari umuntu uzi kubana no kuganira, ku buryo abasha gutanga ibisubizo ku bintu runaka byananiranye. Niyo mpamvu umuntu umeze atyo yitabazwaga kenshi mu birori bihuza abantu benshi nk’ubukwe.

Umuranga yatoranywaga n’imiryango ifite abasore n’inkumi bagejeje igihe cy’ubukure bashobora kuba bashyingiranwa, niyo mpamvu wasangaga agasozi aka n’aka gafite umuranga umwe udahinduka, bitewe n’imyitwarire myiza bamubonyeho.
Ni we muntu wagiraga imirimo myinshi mu muhango w’ubukwe, haba mbere yabwo ndetse na nyuma yabwo. Uw’ibanze ari nawo wamuhaga iryo zina, ni uwo kuranga umukobwa wa kanaka ugeze igihe cyo kurongorwa, akamurangira umuhungu wa kanaka na we ukeneye kurongora.

Mu muco n’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda, iyo umukobwa yabaga akuze, yagombaga kuva iwabo akajya gushaka umugabo bakubaka urwabo nta yandi mananiza.

Ikigero cy’ umukobwa ugeze igihe cyo gushaka ntabwo cyari kimwe mu Rwanda hose, ariko ukurikije amateka, uwashakaga ari muto yabaga afite imyaka 14, naho uwabaga afite myinshi yabaga afite 19, urenze iyo myaka bakavuga ko yagumiwe, bagatangira kujya kumuhanuriza. Naho umuhungu we yagombaga kuba ari mu kigero kiri hejuru y’imyaka 18 kuzamura.

Impamvu bahitagamo ikigero cy’iyo myaka, ni uko ari bwo benshi mu bahungu n’abakobwa babaga basoje amasono yabo mu itorero, abatarabashije kujyayo, bakaba bamaze kuba incabwenge zatojwe n’ababyeyi mu kubaka urugo ruhamye.

Umuranga yashoboraga guhuza imiryango ifite abana bakuze bashobora gushaka, akabaranga yaba yabisabwe cyangwa se atabisabwe, maze akazagira ubuhanga n’ubugeni bwo kuzahuza imiryango yombi ayereka ukuri nyako k’uko bashobora gushyingirana.

Ubukwe bwo gushyingirana mu Rwanda rwo hambere, nta mwana n’umwe wabigiragamo uruhare, icyo yagombaga ni ukumenya ko igihe kizagera bakamushyingira, umukobwa akaba aho, akazumva iwabo bamubwira ko bamuboneye umugabo, umuhungu na we ni uko akazumva se amubwira ko bamuboneye umugore.

Icyoroshyaga ibintu mu bukwe bwo hambere, ni uko imiryango yashyingiranaga, kenshi na kenshi yabaga iziranye, ituranye, cyangwa se hari ibintu runaka bahuriyeho bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’igihugu ndetse bagahurira no mu mandwa cyangwa mu migenzo imwe n’imwe nko kunywana.

Bitewe nuko umwana ntaho yahezwaga mu muryango nyarwanda bona naho babaga badafite icyo bapfana, yajyaga aho ashatse hose, gukina no gusabana n’abandi bana, cyangwa se akajyayo iwabo bamutumyeyo.

Ibyo byatumaga umukobwa bamubwita bati

“Uzarongorwa n’umuhungu wo kwa kanaka, witwa naka”

Agahita amenya uwo ari we, batiriwe banahura ngo babijyeho inama.

N’umuhungu ni uko bamubwiraga ko bamuboneye “Umugore kwa naka witwa naka” agahita amumenya kuko babaga barareranywe, ibisigaye bakabiharira ababyeyi babo, akaba ari bo barushaho kubitegura no kubinonosora bafatanyije na ba Baranga bombi kugeza ubukwe busoje na nyuma y’aho.

Umuranga ni we munyarubuga (Umukinnyi) w’imena mu ikinamico y’imisango y’ubukwe
Mu muhango w’ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, iyo wabaga ugiye gutangizwa, ntabwo ababyeyi b’abana bagiye gushakana babugaragaragamo mu buryo bwo kuvuga, kugeza usoje ndetse na nyuma y’aho.

Uwabaga ahagarariye buri muryango niwe bitaga “Umuranga”. Mu bukwe ubwo ari bwo bwose Abaranga babaga ari babiri.

Yabaga ari umuntu w’ingirakamaro n’injijuke mu muryango yaba uwasabye cyangwa se uwasabwe. Yashoboraga kuba akomoka mu muryango usabwa cyangwa se usaba, kimwe n’uko yabaga atawukomokamo.

Imyitwarire yo kubenga, ntabwo yari ikunze kubaho mu Rwanda rwo hambere, kuko abantu hafi ya bose babaga bahuje imibereho n’imitere mu by’ubutunzi, kandi buri muntu agashaka uwo bari mu kigero kimwe, kuko kenshi na kenshi babaga baturanye, bafite n’uburyo bwo koroshya ibintu n’abadahuje amaboko bagashyingirana. Icyo bashyiraga imbere kuruta ibindi n’umubano wuje urukundo bifuriza igihugu n’abana babo, yuje imico mbonera y’ubumuntu.

Uwabaga agiye kurambagiza aho batanganya imiterere y’ubutunzi na we byarashobokaga iyo babaga bamuziho ubutwari n’imico mbonera y’ubunyarwanda, icyabaga gisigaye kizamugora, ni inzira ndende bagombaga kumunyuzamo ngo azagere ku mugeni yifuza, zirimo: Kumukosha ibyo adatunze, kumusaba inzoga nyinshi atabona vuba n’ibindi. Ibyo ni byo byatumaga ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda bushobora gutinda bukamara imyaka myinshi.

Ibyo kubenga bikajije umurego cyane mu mwaduko w’Abakoroni no mu gihe cya Repubulika, aho hadutse ibintu byinshi bikomeza ubusumbane bw’imiryango (amashuri, amafaranga, ubutegetsi, imiryango ikomeye n’ibindi) gushakana mutareshya bikagorana, haza no kuziramo amahano akomeye cyane yo kurambagiza umugeni hashingiwe ku irondakoko n’irondakarere.
Iyo umugambi wo gushyingirana kw’imiryango yombi kwamaraga kunozwa, umuranga yabaga asigaje gushyira mu bikorwa uruhererekane rw’imigenzo yose iba mu bukwe, ariyo: Gufata irembo, Gusaba, Gukwa, Gutebutsa, Gushyingira n’iyindi.

Mu gihe umuranga yasozaga umuhango wo gushyingira agasoza imigenso yose iwugize, yahabwaga ingororano ko yakoze akazi katoroshye ko guhuza abadahuje imiryango igashyingirana. Bashoboraga kumuha inka cyangwa se indi ngororano.

Ese Umuranga ni ngombwa muri ibi bihe by’umusirimuko wajwemo n’umuco w’amahanga?
Iki ni ikibazo benshi mu babyeyi, abasore n’inkumi bakomeje kwibaza, ariko nta wabura kubasubiza ko n’ubwo abasore basigaye bahurira henshi bagahitamo kwirambagiriza, ariko ntabwo bagera ku mwimerere nyawo w’ubushakashatsi bwakorwaga n’umuranga mbere y’uko ahuza imiryango ishobora gushyingirana.

Umuranga yahuzaga imiryango ari uko ayizi ingeso, ayizi mu migirire y’ibintu bimwe na bimwe biri mu muco nyarwanda, ubunararibonye n’ubukure bwo kuba yarabonye byinshi bukamufasha guha impanuro abagiye gushyingiranwa, akamenya ibyo bazira n’ibyo bemera, usibye ko mu muryango nyarwanda batari batandunanyije imibereho ishingiye ku muco ku buryo bitamugoraga, usibye umwihariko na wo wagirwaga na bake w’utugeso two mu muryango natwo twashoboraga kutababuza gushyingirana, ariko bakaba batuzi.

Iyo abo yajyaga guhuza ari umunyarwanda n’umunyamahanga nibwo byamugoraga kumenya umuco wabo, usibye ko atari kenshi Abanyarwanda bashyingiranwaga n’abanyamahanga badahuje inkomoko y’umuryango mugari.

Ubwo bunararibonye n’uburebakure umuranga yabaga afite, benshi mu basore n’inkumi bahitamo kwirambagiriza, ntabwo baba bafite, bituma batwarwa n’urukundo gusa, bakibagirwa ko kugira ngo ruhame runashinge imizi, ari uko ruba rufite icyo rwubakiyeho.

Aho niho bahishwa bagapfa gukunda no gushaka uwo babonye, batabaririje amateka y’umuryango bagiye gushakamo, bikaba byatuma basohorerwaho na wa mugani w’Ikinyarwanda ugira uti “Inshakiramuruho ntibaririza amoko,” ubundi bakagira bati “Agasozi katagira mukuru cyane, ishyano rirahagwa rikaharara”.

Ngiyo intandaro yo gutandukana kwa hato na hato kweze muri iki gihe, biturutse ku gushyingiranwa kutarimo mukuru, kutabaririje imico n’imigenzo y’imiryango igiye gushakana, bikaba inkomoko yo kunanirwa kwihanganirana kuko hari ibyo batumvikanaho kandi nta na mukuru wabibahayemo impanuro. Mukuru uvugwa aha ngaha ni umuranga n’ababyeyi bafataga iya mbere mu guhanura abana bagiye guhuriza mu ishyingiranwa.

Mukanyandwi Marie Louise