ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI: IBYARANZE AMATARIKI YA 01-07 WERURWE 1991-1994

Kuva ku wa 01 Mutarama 2020, buri cyumweru, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994. Ibikorwa bikurikira ni ibyaranze amatariki ya 01-07 Werurwe 1991-1994.

 

1. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi 277 muri Perefegitura za Ruhengeri na Gisenyi

 

Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y’Ubucukumbuzi yari iyobowe n’Urugaga Mpuzamahanga rw’Amashyirahamwe aharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu yakoze ubucukumbuzi mu Rwanda muri Mutarama 1993, yavumbuye ibyobo byinshi byari byaragiye bijugunywamo imirambo y’Abatutsi b’Abagogwe bicwaga n’ubutegetsi bwariho. Iyi Komisiyo yari igizwe n’impuguke 10 zituruka mu bihugu bitandukanye zirimo Jean Carbonare (Umufaransa) ari nawe wari uyoboye itsinda, Philippe Dahinden (Umusuwisi), René Degni-Ségui (Côte d’Ivoire), Alison Des Forges (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), Éric Gillet (Umubiligi), William Schabas (Umunya-Canada), Halidou Ouedraogo (BurkinaFaso) , André Paradis (Umunya-Canada); Rein Odink (Umuholandi) na Paul Dodinval (Umubiligi).

 

Icukumbura ryakozwe n’izi mpuguke ryagaragaje ko muri Werurwe 1991 honyine hishwe Abatutsi 277 muri Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Iyi Komisiyo yagaragaje ko abenshi muri abo bishwe bari abantu bakiri bato kandi ko bapfuye kubera ibikomere bitandukanye byo mu maso no mu mutwe byatewe n’ibikoresho bitemana bagiye bahondagurwa. Ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye muRri Komini zitandukanye zo muri perefegitura za Ruhengeri (Nkuli, Kinigi, Mukingo) na Gisenyi (Gaseke, Giciye, Karago, Mutura, Kanama, Rwerere).

 

Iyi Komisiyo yagaragaje ko abayobozi ba Gisivili n’aba Gisirikare bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi barimo Perefe wa Ruhengeri, Charles Nzabagerageza n’uwa Gisenyi Cosima Bizimana hamwe na ba Burugumesitiri b’amakomini yakorewemo ubwo bwicanyi. Perefe Nzabagerageza yari mubyara wa Perezida Habyarimana kandi yari yarashakanye na mubyara wa Agathe Kanziga, umugore wa Habyarimana. Iyi Komisiyo yanagaragaje kandi uruhare ruziguye rw’abandi bayobozi bakomeye muri Leta, barimo Minisitiri Joseph Nzirorera, Colonel Elie Sagatwa wari Umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana na muramu we, Protais Zigiranyirazo.

 

Aha twakwibutsa ko ubwicanyi muri kariya gace bwari bwaratangiye mu Ukwakira 1990 nyuma y’uko FPR yari imaze gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu aho muri Superefegitura (sous-prefecture) ya Ngororero honyine Abatutsi basaga 362 bishwe nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo y’ibanga yakozwe na Serivisi z’Ubutasi z’u Rwanda muri icyo gihe.

 

2. Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi barenga 500 mu Bugesera

 

Ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 04 rishyira iry’iya 05 Werurwe 1992 ryaranzwe n’ubwicanyi Bukomeye bw’Abatutsi mu Bugesera. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’interahamwe zifatanyije n’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’Igihugu n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Gako. Ubu bwicanyi bwabanjirijwe n’itangazo rishishikariza abantu kwica ryasomwe kuri Radiyo Rwanda ku itariki ya 3 Werurwe 1992, risomwe n’umunyamakuru BAMWANGA Jean-Baptiste, abitegetswe na NAHIMANA Ferdinand icyo gihe wari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (ORINFOR). BAMWANGA asoma iyo nyandiko mpimbano yavuze ko yari yaratangajwe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa FPR kandi ko yagaragazaga amazina y’abayobozi bakuru bo mu butegetsi bwa Habyarimana ngo FPR yashakaga kwica ibifashijwemo n’ibyitso byayo by’imbere mu gihugu. BAMWANGA yavuze ko iyo nyandiko yari yaravumbuwe I Nyamata ku mucuruzi w’Umututsi witwaga GAHIMA François wari Perezida w’ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana (PL) muri ako gace. Mu by’ukuri, aya makuru mahimbano yari uburyo buziguye bwo gushishikariza abantu gukorera ubwicanyi ku Batutsi.

 

Ubushake bwa Leta y’u Rwanda bwo gukora ubwicanyi ku Batutsi mu Bugesera busobanurwa n’uko muri kariya gace hari hatuye Abatutsi benshi, ubutegetsi bugahora bushinja urubyiruko rw’Abatutsi kuva mu Bugesera rugasanga FPR ruciye i Burundi. Inkuru nyinshi zo mu binyamakuru birimo n’icya Leta, Imvaho zashinjaga Abatutsi bo mu Bugesera gutiza umurindi FPR. Imibare yatangajwe na Leta y’u Rwanda ku itariki ya 05 Gicurasi 1992, igaragaza ko u Bugesera bwari butuwe n’Abatutsi 26.837, benshi muri bo bakaba bari batuye muri Komine Kanzenze (22.483) kuri 53.279 bari batuye u Bugesera. Ubwicanyi bwakozwe muri aka gace bwari bugamije kubatsemba.

 

Imibare yatanzwe na Komisiyo ya Perefegitura ya Kigali tariki ya 05 Werurwe 1992, ku bantu bwahitanye ndetse n’ibintu bwangije igaragaza ibi bikurikira:

Komine Kanzenze

• Abantu bishwe:36
• Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe:309
• Ibikoni byatwitswe:573
• Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka165, ihene268 n’ingurube ebyiri (2)

Komine Ngenda :

• Abantu bishwe:36
• Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe:74 ibikoni byatwitswe:119
• Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka112,ihene111 n’ingurube 16

Komine Gashora:

• Abantu bishwe:84
• Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe:216ibikoni byatwitswe:288
• Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka188, ihene325 n’ingurube 28

Raporo yagaragazaga ko abantu 16.239 bari baravuye mubyabo bahungira ku nyubako zinyuranye za Leta n’iz’amadini I Nyamata, Maranyundo,Ruhuha, Musenyi, Karama, Gitagata, Mayange, Rango,Ntarama, Murago, Kigusa na Kayenzi.

 

• Komisiyo yari igizwe na : :
• François Karera, Superefe,  ari na we wari uyikuriye;
• Dancille Mukarushema, Suprerefe kuri Perefegitura ya Kigali ;
• Djema Gasana, superrfe wa Superefegitura ya Kanazi (Nyamata);
• Gratien Mwongereza,  visi perezida w’urukiko rwambere rw’iremezo rwa Nyamata ;
• Daniel Shumbusho, substitut wa porokireri muri parike ya   Nyamata ;
• Dominique Muhawenimana, ushinzwe serivise z’ubutasi muri superefegitura ya Kanazi  ;
• Bernard Gatanazi, Burugumesitiri w’agateganyo wa Komine Kanzenze.

 

Urestse kuba iyi Komisiyo yari igizwe n’abakozi ba Leta gusa, barimo bamwe muribo bagize uruhare kuburyo bugaragara muri ubwo bwicanyi, biragaragara neza ko yari ifite aho ibogamiye.

 

Mu bantu bakwiye kubazwa cyane ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi mu Bugesera twavuga : 

 

• Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’amajyambere ya komine Faustin Munyazesa washyigikiye umugambi w’ubwicanyi  kubera ko atafatiye ibihano abategetsi bakoze ibyaha kandi bari mu nshingano ze;
• Minisitiri w’ubutabera, Mathieu Ngirumpatse, utarafashe ibyemezo bya ngombwa ngo abakoze ubwo bwicanyi bakurikiranwe mu butabera;
• Perefe  Emmanuel Bagambiki wayoboye inama zateguraga ubwicanyi;

 

• Superefe Faustin Sekagina de Kanazi wari wungirije Bagambiki;

 

• Burugumesitiri wa Kanzenze Fidèle Rwambuka, wahagarikiye ubwicanyi kuburyo butaziguye;

 

• Koloneli Pierre-Célestin Rwagafirita, umugaba mukuru wa  gendarmerie, kubera amakosa yo kutohereza abajandarume guhagarika ubwo bwicanyi no gucunga umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu 
• Koloneli  Venant Musonera, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gako , abasirikare bo muri iki kigo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi  ;

 

• Ferdinand Nahimana, umuyobozi w’ Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (ORINFOR);

 

•  Jean-Baptiste Bamwanga na Jean-Baptiste Nubahumpatse, abanyamakuru ba Radiyo Rwanda basomye mu buryo bukurikiranye kuri Radiyo Rwanda itangazo rihamagarira rubanda  mu buryo butaziguye kandi bweruye gukora  ubwicanyi ;

 

• Dominique Muhawenimana, ushinzwe serivise z’ubutasi muri Superefegitura ya Kanazi , wakwirakwije ibinyoma bivuga ko Abatutsi, cyane cyane abayobozi b’ishyaka PL i Nyamata , barimo Gahima, bari bafite umugambi wo gutsemba  ;

 

• Umwungiriza wa mbere wa porokireri i Nyamata, Déogratias Ndimubanzi, uyu ndetse yamaganywe n’amashyirahamwe arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu  ndetse n’itangazamakuru ryigenga  kubera kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwo mu Bugesera. 

 

 

3. Ukwiyongera kw’ubwicanyi mu Batutsi ba Komini Mbogo muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngari

 

Komine ya Mbogo, kuri ubu Akarere ka Rulindo, yahuye n’ubwicanyi bukabije bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1992, ariko mu mezi ya Gashyantare-Werurwe 1993 bwafashe indi ntera  yo hejuru hicwa kuburyo buteguwe  imiryango y’Abatutsi cyane cyane mri segiteri Ruhanya, Selire Bukoro. Mu majoro yo kuwa 25, 26 na 27 Gashyantare 1993, umuryango w’umusaza gatanazi  waratewe. Abantu ununane (8) batwitswe ari bazima mu nzu yabo. Abana bibiri (2) nibo babashije kurokoka, Antoine Kabanda na mushiki we Vénantie Gasengayire. Abishwe : Michel Gatanazi, umusaza w’imyaka mirongo inane (80), Charlotte Kabanyana, umugore wa Antoine Kabanda, Agnès Gatanazi Kamurenzi, wari ufite imyaka  74, Tharcisse Nilingiyimana, Félix Niyibizi, wari ufite imyaka 6, Olive Nyirahene, umwuzukuru wa Gatanazi (umwe mu bana bane ba Kabanda), Jacqueline Tuyizere na Béata Uwingabire.

 

Uretse umuryango wa Gatanazi muri Komine Mbogo, abandi Batutsi barishwe mu ijoro ryo kuwa 01 rishyira iya 02 Werurwe 1993.  Abishwe ni  umugore wa  Jean Habimana, Catherine Mukamana; umwana we  Muganajabo, wari ufite imyaka ine (4) , Ndayambaje (akana ke kari gafite amezi icyenda, 9) ; Nyirabandi, wari ufite imyaka 62; Uzayisenga, umukobwa wa Habimana, wari waravutse mu 1958 ; Donata Musabyimana, mushiki wa Habimana na Mushatsi, umuhungu wa Habimana, wari waravutse mu  1986. Uwashoboye kurokoka muri uyu muryango ni umuhungu wa Habimana wavutse mu 1990, ariko nawe yari yahiye yakomeretse cyane.   

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe umuryango wa Gatanazi, Burugumesitiri wa Komine Mbogo, Vincent Twizeyimana, yarabimenyeshejwe, ariko ntiyigeze agera aho ubwicanyi bwabereye ngo ashyinguze abishwe.  N’abaturanyi babo bararetse imirambo iborera ku gasozi. Konseye wa Segiteri na Resiponsabule wa Selire, ntakintu na gito ibi bikorwa by’ubunyamaswa byari bibabwiye. Bimaze gutangazwa n’amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’abanyamakuru bari bagiye gukora iperereza kuri ubwo bwicanyi, iyo miiri yashyinguwe n’abandi Batutsi bari bavuye i Shyorongi aho bari barahungiye.

Abategetsi bakuru bakomoka muri Komine Mbogo bari ku isonga y’abateguye ubwo bwicanyi,cyane cyane : major-député Stanislas Kinyoni, wari n’umurwanashyaka wa  MRND, burugumesitiri wa Komine Mbogo Vincent Twizeyimana na Superefe Alexis Kanyamibwa  wayoboraga Superefegitura ya Murambi ari nayo Komine Mbogo yari iherereyemo.

 

4. Intiti zo mu Ruhengeri na Byumba zahimbye umugambi wa Jenoside ku Bahutu kugira ngo bashishikarize itsemba ry’Abatutsi  

 

Tariki ya 04 Werurwe 1993, intiti zikomoka i Byumba no mu Ruhengeri zasinye inyandiko yo gushishikariza Abahutu bo mu Majyaruguru bise: « Appel de détresse des ressortissants des zones sinistrées de Ruhengeri et de Byumba ». (Impuruza y’abakomoka mu duce twugarijwe twa Ruhengeri na Byumba). Abayishyizeho umukono ni: Charles Ndereyehe Ntahontuye, Jean-Bosco Bicamumpaka, Faustin Musekura, Phocas Kayinamura, Christophe Ndangali na Stanislas Sinibagiwe.  Iyi nyandiko yanashyizwe umukono kandi na Perefe wa Ruhengeri Baliyanga Sylvestre n’uwa Byumba Bizimana Augustin.  Iyi yandiko yasubiragamo inyandikomvugo y’inama yabereye i Kigali tariki ya 04 Werurwe 1993 yahuje benshi mu bakomoka muri Ruhengeri na Byuma na ba Perefe babo.

 Muri iyo nyandiko, FPR yageretsweho ibibi byose ndetse  inashishikariza gahunda ya  ‘auto-défense civile’, ibi bikaba bisobanura ishyirwaho  ry’igikoresho cyo kwica abo bitaga abanzi b’Igihugu, ni ukuvuga Umututsi aho ava akagera ndetse n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

Mu rwego rwo kugira ngo Abahutu bo mu Majyaruguru bashyigikire uru rwango izi ntiti zakwirakwizaga, bagendeye ku ngaruka z’intambara, kuva mu byabo kw’abaturage, hanyuma babeshya ko FPR yarimo itegura Jenoside y’Abahutu. Iki kinyoma cyarakoze cyane mu guhindura imitekerereze y’abaturage kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu gutsemba Abatutsi, cyane cyane mu bari barahungiye muri Nyacyonga, bagize uruhare runini muri Jenoside kuva muri Mata 1994.

 

Dore muri make iby’ingenzi bikubiye mu butumwa buri muri iyo nyandiko-mvugo :

« FPR irashaka ku kiguzi icyo ari cyo cyose gufata ubutegetsi ikoresheje intwaro no komeka u Rwanda kuri Uganda mu rwego rwo gusohoza inzozi z’uburyarya za Museveni  no kubaka ubwami bw’abami bw’aba Hamite mu karere ko hagati y’ibiyaga.  Inkotanyi ni abasirikare ba Uganda. Ni Ubuganda bwaduteye. (…) Abanyaruhengeri n’Abanyabyumba baricuza kuba, kuva tariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itarigeze yamagana uruhare rwa Uganda muri ibyo bibazo.

Abanyapolitiki, abategetsi n’abandi bagomba gufata ibyemezo bya ngombwa byose kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bumve uburemere bw’ibihe barimo kandi bumve ko barebwa no kurinda igihugu. 

Ni ngombwa guhamagarira abaturage kwirinda no kwirwanaho mu rwego rwo kwizera ubusugire bw’Igihugu. (…) aha harimo harakorwa Jenoside ibuza abanabo muri Ruhengeri na Byumba gukomeza amasomo yabo kubera intambara. Iyi Jenoside mu by’ubwenge ntiyaramba »  

 

5. Itsinda ry’intiti z’Abanyarwanda z’i Butare ryashyigikiye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yabibwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana

 

Ku itariki ya 01 Werurwe 1993, itsinda ry’abantu bize ryitwa Cercle des Intellectuels Rwandais  bakoraga i Butare ryasohoye itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ryamagana ibiganiro by’amahoro hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda na FPR. Iryo tsinda ryashinzwe mu mpera z’umwaka w’1992  ryahuzaga abarimu ba Kaminuza, abanyeshuri, abashakashatsi  n’abandi bakozi bo mu mirimo inyuranye mu Mujyi wa Butare. Izo njijuke zavugaga ko ingabo z’Abafaransa zikwiye kuguma mu Rwanda kugira ngo u Bufaransa bukomeze guha ubufasha ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda nta kindi bugendeyeho. Abagize iryo tsinda ntibemeraga na gato ko FPR yari igizwe n’Abanyarwanda, bakemeza ko ari Uganda yari yateye u Rwanda, muri make bahakana ubwenegihugu bw’abagize FPR.  Ku itariki ya 01 Werurwe 1993, bandikiye Perezida François Mitterrand bamusaba kugumisha abasirikare be mu Rwanda. Ibaruwa yashyizweho umukono n’abarimu bo muri Kaminuza 34, abakozi 30 ba Kaminuza, abashakashatsi n’abakozi 12 bo mu Kigo cy’Ubushakashatsi  mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga (IRST), abarimu 14 bo ku rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Butare, abakozi 25 bo mu yindi myanya itandukanye mu Mujyi wa Butare n’abanyeshuri ba Kaminuza bakabakaba 300.

 

6. Gukaza umurego ku itegurwa rya Jenoside mu maso ya MINUAR

 

Raporo za ambasade z’ibihugu by’amahanga zakoreraga mu Rwanda mu 1994, zigaragaza uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa byinshi bishishikariza abantu Jenoside ku buryo buziguye muri Werurwe 1994. Urugero ni inyandiko y’ubutumwa bwihuse (télex) yo ku itariki ya 01 Werurwe 1994 ambasaderi Jahann SWINNEN w’Ububiligi mu Rwanda yoherereje abayobozi b’Ububiligi yagaragazaga ko RTLM itangaza “amagambo akongeza urwango ndetse no gutsemba igice kimwe cy’abaturage”.

Inyandiko ya serivisi z’ubutasi z’ububiligi yo ku itariki ya 02 Werurwe 1994 ivuga ko umwe mu bari bashinzwe Gutanga amakuru muri MRND yabwiye abayobozi b’Ububiligi ko MRND yari yarateguye umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi bose  Kigali mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose FPR yaba itarahagarika intambara.  Uyu muntu yavuze neza ko “ ibintu biramutse bigenze nabi, Abahutu bazabica nta mpuhwe [Abatutsi]” yongeraho ko “ivangura rishingiye ku Turere ntarikiriho kandi n’ishyaka n’umurava by’ingabo ntibyigeze byiyongera”.  

 

Ku itariki ya 03 Werurwe 1994 Majoro Podevijn wo muri MINUAR yabwiye DALLAIRE ko intwaro zakwirakwie mu nterahamwe mu gace ka Gikondo, hamwe mu hari higanje cyane abayoboke ba CDR. Ku itariki 10 Werurwe, MINUAR yavumbuye intwaro nini nyinshi zari zigenewe ingabo z’u Rwanda itangaza ko hariho kwinjiza cyane urubyiruko  mu gisirikare no mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare. Dallaire yasabye Umuryango w’Abaibumbye uburenganzira bwo gufata izo ntwaro kandi anasaba ko Ubutumwa bw’Amahoro mu Rwanda bwakongererwa ingufu, ariko nta gisubizo kizima yabonye.

 

 

                                    UMWANZURO

 

Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byibasiye Abatutsi mu myaka 2 ibanziriza Jenoside byakorewe ahantu hanyuranye mu gihugu byerekanye ko Jenoside yashoboraga gukorwa mu Rwanda hose nta nkomyi. Abateguye Jenoside bagize umwanya wo gukangurira rubanda kwitabira ibyo bikorwa, ibyo bigakorwa na Radiyo Rwanda, Radiyo Rutwitsi RTLM, hamwe na Kangura.

 

Aho umugambi wa Jenoside ugaragariye amahanga, nta cyemezo cyigeze gifatwa ngo bawuburizemo, ahubwo bimwe mu bihugu byakomeje kongerera ingufu Leta yateguraga Jenoside bayiha intwaro no kuyivuganira mu mahanga.

 

Dr Bizimana Jean-Damascène

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa