Ni kuki aba ba perezida bÔÇÖAmerika bishwe?(igice cya gatatu)

Nk’uko twabasezeranije ko tuzakomeza kubagezaho ababaye aba perezida b’igihugu cy’igihanganjye cya Amerika bagiye bicwa batarangije Manda zabo, tubagezaho impamvu yatumye bicwa nuwabaga yabishe.Ubushize twabagejejeho iyicwa rya perezida wa 20 w’igihugu cy’Amerika  James Abram Garfield wavutse ku itariki 19 Ugushyingo 1831, atabaruka ku itariki ya 19 Nzeri 1881.

Uyu munsi utahiwe akaba ari perezida wabaye uwa gatatu mu kwicwa ari nawe perezida wa 25 w’icyo gihugu cyateye imbere muri Demokarasi,Tekinoroji ndetse no mu rwego rwa gisirikare tutibagiwe n’ububanyi n’amahanga(Dipromatie).

                                 William McKinley perezida wa 25

Uwo mu perezida nta wundi ni uwitwa William McKinley soma (Mak-kinli) nk’uko barivuga ubwabo, ni kuki yishwe? Ninde wa mwishe? Ibisubizo urabisanga muri iyi nkuru.

William Macknley yavutse ku wa 29 Mutarama 1843 avukira I Niles mu Ntara ya Ohio. Yize mu ishuri rikuru rya Allegheny nyuma aza gukora akazi k’uburezi (ubwalimu).

Mu gihe hari hatangiye intambara y’Abanyamerika ubwabo  yagiye mu ngabo ajya ku rugamba aho intambara yaje guhosha afite ipeti rya Major.

Nyuma yo kuva mu gisirikare yasubiye mu ntara y’iwabo Ohio ajya mu ishuri ryigishaga amategeko rya Albany Law School arangije ayo masomo mu by’amategeko yafunguye ibiro aho yatangaga serivise mu kunganira abantu mu by’amategeko.

                                                 Ida Saxton

Ni muri uwo mwaka yashakanye n’umukobwa witwaga Ida Saxton ise w’uwo mukobwa akaba yari umukozi wa Banki aho mu mujyi wa Niles. Baje kugira umugisha babyarana abana babiri umwe witwaga Katherine, amaze kugira umuryango yakomeje kwibanda muri politiki atibagiwe n’iby’amategeko.

McKinley yinjiye muri politiki neza mu mwaka 1869,ubwo yaje kuzamuka byihuse mu ntera bigera aho atorwa kuba umudepite mu nteko y’intumwa za rubanda izwi ku izina rya US Congless.

Mu mwaka 1876 mu myaka 14 yari amaze mu nteko yaje gutorerwa kuba perezida wa komisiyo ishinzwe amategeko na gahunda z’inteko. Kubera guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubungu bwari bumeze nabi, McKinley yashyizeho itegeko ryo kongera imisoro ku bicuruzwa byinjiraga no mu bindi bintu byavaga mu nganda bituma  uwo musoro bawita “McKnley Tarrif” ;kikaba cyari ikimenyetso cyo kumwubaha nk’umuntu watumye ubukungu bw’igihugu buzamuka.

Ariko uwo musoro yari yashyizeho wamubereye inzitizi kuko mu mwaka 1890 abaturage bo mu ntara ye bamwimye amajwi mu  matora aratsindwa bituma asubira iwabo Ohio ajya kwitegura bundi bushya.

Kubera akabazo ko kujegajega k’ubukungu kabaye mu mwaka 1893 McKnely n’abanyamuryango bagenzi be bakoresheje icyo cyuho basubira muri Politiki bituma barusha iturufu ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi icyo gihe ariryo ry’aba Democrates.

Kubera uburambe yari afite ubwo yari umudepite muri Congres,n’ubushobozi yagiraga mu kuzahura ubukungu bw’igihugu icyo gihe anashyigikiwe n’umuherwe w’umunyenganda witwaga Alonzo Hanna, mu mwaka 1896 yatowe n’ishyaka rye ry’aba Republicans kuba umukandida ku mwanya wa perezida w’Amerika.

Muri ayo matora yari ahanganye na William Jeannins Bryan wari uhagarariye ishyaka ry’Abademocrates, McKinley ashyigikiwe n’Umuherwe Hanna wubahwaga cyane k’inkingi yo kuzamuka k’ubukungu muri Amerika yashoboye gutsinda umu Democrate Bryan amurushije amajwi menshi agera ku ( bihumbi 600 no kubera imyemerere ya gihezanguni itarashakaga ko ibintu bihinduka ndetse n’uburinganire, iyo tsinzi imeze ityo ku ishyaka ry’aba Republicans yaherukaga nyuma y’imaka 25.

Amaze kurahira kuyobora Amerika, yazamuye umusoro w’ibyinjira ikintu cyafashije kugabanya indi misoro mito mito kandi bituma n’inganda z’imbere mu gihugu zitera imbere (Domestic Industries).

Bidatinze ,mu mwaka  wa 1898 yategetse ko Leta y’Amerika yirukana Espanye iva muri Cuba aho yari yarayikoroneje muri iyo ntambara y’Amerika na Espanye mu mwaka 1898 haje gusinywa amasezerano yo guhagarika iyo ntambara asinyirwa I Paris mu Bufaransa.

Muri ayo masezerano yo guhagarika intambara hagati y’ibyo bihugu byombi, ni byo byahaye Cuba kuba igihugu kigenga kivuye mu bukoroni bwa Espanye, ikigeretse kuri ibyo  kandi perezida McKnley yafunguye inzira zo gushora imari mu bushinwa aho byatumye Abanyamerika benshi bashora imari mu bushinwa bituma bagura isoko ku Isi hose.

Mu mwaka 1900 perezida McKnely yohereje ingabo z’Abanyamerika zijya mu Bushinwa gufasha icyo gihugu guhashya inyeshyamba zo mu mutwe wa “The Boxer Rebellion” ari nabwo yongeye gutsinda ku majwi menshi na none wamunya Democrate William Jennings Bryn wakoreshaga amatwara ya gihezanguni.

Nyuma yo kurahizwa kuri manda ya kabiri, muri Werurwe 1901, perezida McKinley yakoze uruzinduko rwo gusura intara zo mu Burasirazuba bw’Amerika aho yageraga hose yakirizwaga amashyi n’impundu.

Urwo ruzinduko rwe rwarangiriye mu mujyi wa Buffalo muri New York aho yari mu nama y’abanyamuryango bagera ku bihumbi 50 bari mu nama yari yiswe “Pan- American Exposition”. Ariko kuri uwo mugoroba wo kuwa gatanu,tariki  ya 06 Nzeri 1901 saa kumi n’iminota irindwi (4:07 pm) ari mu nyubako yiswe Temple of Music aho mu mujyi wa Buffalo yarashwe amasasu abiri munda n’uwitwa Leon Czolgosz.

Nyuma yo gufatwa uwo Leon no guhatwa ibibazo, yaje gusyikirizwa inkiko ,urubanza rucibwa byihuse icyaha cyo kwica yabigambiriye kiramuhama akatirwa kunyongwa kugeza apfuye  icyemezo cy’urukiko gishyirwa mu bikorwa itariki 24 Nzeri 1901.

Kugeza ubu nta mpamvu izwi yatumye Leon yica perezida McKinley byabaye ihurizo ariko bamwe bakemeza ko byaba byaraturutse ku mpamvu za politiki. Nyuma aho isasu rya mbere ritamufashe neza yaje kwicwa n’irya kabiri, perezida McKinley yaje kwitaba Imana nyuma y’iminsi munani ari ku ya 14 Nzeri 1901 saa munani  na cumi n’itanu z’ijoro (2:15am) afite imyaka 58.

Ngiyo inkuru y’urupfu rwa perezida McKinley ; naho, mu cyumweru gitaha.

GAKWANDI James