ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI: IBYARANZE AMATARIKI YA 08-15 WERURWE  1991-1994

Buri cyumweru, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994. Ibikorwa bikurikira ni ibyaranze amatariki 08 -15 Werurwe 1991-1994.

       1.MRND yashinze agatsiko k'abicanyi mu Muyi wa Butare

Amashyaka ya MDR na PL yasohoye itangazo ridasanzwe yise special ku wa 14 Werurwe 1992 rigaragaza ko MRND yashinze mu mujyi wa Butare umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi witwaga “Front commun contre les Inkotanyi” (FCCI) wari ugizwe cyane cyane na bamwe mu banyeshuri bo muri Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda. Uwo mutwe wari ufite inshingano zo gutoteza abanyeshuri batari muri MRND, by’umwihariko Abatutsi. Umutwe washinzwe na Dr Jean Berchmans NSHIMYUMUREMYI wari umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza.

Izo nterahamwe zahabwaga kandi inkunga n’ubuyobozi bwazo ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse abakuru bazo barimo KAJUGA Robert, MBONABARYI Leoni, MUDAHINYUKA Jean Marie Vianney, AKINGENEYE Eugene na RUTAGANDA Georges bazaga kenshi gukorana inama n’abagize uwo mutwe I Butare. Imwe muri izo nama yabaye ku itariki 12 Werurwe 1992, irangiye bamwe mu banyeshuri b’Abatutsi n’abo mu mashyaka ya politiki yarwanyaga Leta baratewe barakubitwa.

Ibi byabanjirijwe n’inama yabaye ku wa 08 werurwe 1992, ikoreshejwe n’abadepite babiri ba MRND bakomoka muri Butare, Laurent BARAVUGA ukomoka muri Kigembe na Bernadette MUKARURANGWA ukomoka muri Ndora. BARAVUGA yakoresheje inama muri komine Kigembe, segiteri Kigali, asaba abari aho bose “gufata imipanga, imiheto n’amacumu bagatangira bagahiga abatari muri MRND bose badakangwa n’amaduka n’amamodoka.” Muri JENOSIDE abo badepite bombi bagize uruhare runini mu gukangurira kwicisha Abatutsi.

Irindi tangazo rya MDR ryo ku wa 10 Werurwe 1992 rigaragaza ko abayobozi ba MRND muri Butare bateje imvururu muri za komine bafitemo ingufu, aho ishyaka rya MRND ryakoresheje mitingi muri Komini nyinshi zo mu gihugu bagasiga bateje imvururu mu baturage. Itangazo rivuga ko ibikorwa nk’ibyo byatangiriye muri Komine Muganza (Butare) biyobowe na Perezida w’iryo shyaka muri Butare, Amandin RUGIRA, ngo wavugaga ko “MDR yibanguriye kuri PL. Bizabyara ibirambu, cyangwa ngo Ujya gutwika imbagara arazirundanya. Ubwo aba ashaka guteranya Abahutu n’Abatutsi ngo basubiranemo”. Iryo tangazo ryasobanuraga ko “Ikibabaje cyane nuko abategetsi bamwe ba perefegitura n’aba komini barimo perefe TEMAHAGALI bakomeje kubogamira uruhande rumwe, bagatera ubwoba abayoboke b’andi mashyaka.” Itangazo rigasoza riburira TEMAHAGARI ngo “amenye ko Butare yo muri 1992 atari Gikongoro yo muri 1963”.

Impamvu y’iyi mvugo nuko muri 1963, Yusitini TEMAHAGARI ariwe wasimbuye Andreya NKERAMUGABA ku mwanya wa perefe w’iyo perefegitura mu gihe cya Jenoside yabereye ku Gikongoro mu Ukuboza 1963.

2. IBINYOMA BYA LETA YA HABYARIMANA KU BWICANYI YAKORERAGA ABATUTSI MURI RUHENGERI NA GISENYI

Igihe Leta ya Habyarimana yicaga Abatutsi muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri na Gisenyi, abantu ntibari bemerewe kuhagera keretse abakozi ba perefegitura, abasirikari n’abakozi bo mu nzego z’umutekano. Abanyamakuru nabo babujijwe kugera ahaberaga ubwicanyi, keretse abanyamakuru ba Radio Rwanda n’ab’ikinyamukuru Kangura. Ibi birasobanura impamvu ubwicanyi bwakorwaga na Leta ya Habyarimana bwatinze kumenyekana.

Mu kiganiro cyahise kuri Radio Rwanda, tariki ya 12/3/1991, abategetsi ba perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ari nabo bakoraga ubwo bwicanyi bavuze ko nta kibazo cy’amoko kiri muri iyo perefegitura. Umuyobozi w’amashuri abanza muri iyo perefegitura yavuze ko abarimu be bose bari mu kazi, ko nta n’umwe ubura. Nyamara, abarimu b’Abatutsi bose barafunzwe mu byitso, nyuma baricwa. Kubera ko ikinyoma cyari kimaze kumenyekana, abari kw’isonga ry’ubwicanyi, bemeye ko hari Abatutsi bapfuye, babeshya ko bapfuye barwanira Inkotanyi, abandi ngo bajyanye nazo.

Iki kinyoma nicyo Habyarimana nawe yakomeje kubwira amahanga, nk’uko yabigaragaje mu ibaruwa yandikiye Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Nyamara n’ubwo Habyarimana yahakanaga ubwo bwicanyi, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera yemeje ko buriho, asaba ko hatangira iperereza.

Nta perereza ryigeze rikorwa kuko perefe wa Perefegitura Ruhengeri, Nzabagerageza Charles yatumije inama y’umutekano ya perefegitura, avuga ko nta perereza rigomba gukorwa, ko nta mpamvu yo “kuzikura ibintu byibagiranye, bishobora gushoza imvururu mu baturage”.

3. AMASHYIRAHAMWE AHARANIRA UBURENGANZIRA BWA MUNTU YAGARAGAJE KO HISHWE ABATUTSI BASAGA 300 MU BUGESERA.

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Bugesera mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 4 rishyira iry’iya 5 Werurwe 1992, amashyirahamwe atanu yigenga aharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu: ADL, Lichredor, ARDHO, Kanyarwanda na AVP yakoze ubucukumbuzi bubiri bwimbitse kuri ubu bwicanyi bavumbura ibintu byinshi biteye agahinda.

Raporo ya mbere yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki 10 Werurwe 1992 igaragaza urupfu rw’Abatutsi basaga 300. Bamwe muri bo bari bararoshywe mu migezi abandi baratwikiwe mu nzu. Iyi raporo kandi yanavugaga ko Abatutsi bavuye mu byabo bageraga ku 15.000 kandi ko bari babayeho mu buzima buteye agahinda, cyane cyane abari barahungiye kuri Paruwasi no ku mashuri i Nyamata, Maranyundo, Ruhuha na Rilima. Iyi raporo kandi yamaganaga uruhare rw’abayobozi muri ubwo bwicanyi cyane Fidèle Rwambuka, Burugumesitiri wa Kanzenze, Faustin Sekagina, Superefe wa Kanzenze, Déogratias Ndimubanzi wari umwungiriza wa mbere w’umushinjacyaha muri Parike ya Kanzenze na Dominique Muhawenimana wari ushinzwe iperereza muri Superefegitura ya Kanazi.

Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 1993, aya mashyirahamwe yongeye gukora ubucukumbuzi mu Bugesera agamije kureba uko umutekano uhagaze nyuma y’umwaka umwe habaye ubwicanyi bwo mu 1992. Muri raporo yabo basohoye ku itariki 5 Werurwe 1994, aya mashyirahamwe yagaragaje ko Abatutsi benshi bari baravuye mu byabo batari barigeze babisubiramo kandi ko iteka bahoraga bahohoterwa n’abarwanashyaka ba CDR. Iyi raporo yagaragazaga ko abangavu bari baragiye bafatwa ku ngufu n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cya Gako.

Abantu bakomeje kwicwa hitwajwe ko bakekwagaho gushaka kujya muri FPR. Bamwe muri abo bishwe babashije kumenyekana ni nka Nyabyenda n’undi witwa Anastase bakoreraga uwari umukozi ukomeye muri MINECOFIN witwaga Mbarute. Uwitwa Butera yiciwe n’abasirikare i Nyarurama (Komini Ngenda) ku itariki ya 6 Werurwe 1993. Abantu benshi barakubiswe baramugazwa barimo umusaza witwaga Mutabazi wakubiswe n’abajandarume n’abapolisi ku Biro bya Komini Kanzenze ku itariki ya 21 Gashyantare 1993.

Lieutenant-Colonel Claudien Singirankabo, Komanda w’Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Gako, yasobanuye ko ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye inkurikizi z’intambara bari barashowemo na FPR kandi ko na nyina yari yariciwe na FPR mu Ruhengeri. 

4. IMIRYANGO MPUZAMAHANGA IRENGERA IKIREMWA MUNTU YAMAGANYE UBWICANYI BWAKORWAGA NA LETA YA HABYARIMANA

Tariki ya 15 Werurwe 1994, Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ihuje imiryango irengera ikiremwa muntu, ariyo « Human Rights Watch, Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme, Centre International des Droits de la Personne et du Développement démocratique, Union interafricaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples », ifatanije n’umuryango « Amnesty International » basohoye itangazo bagaragaza  ko ubwicanyi bwiyongereye mu Rwanda, kandi ko intwaro zahabwaga abaturage ku mugaragaro. Iryo tangazo ryanagaragaje ko MRND ifite uruhare mu gukereza gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho, aho yashakishaga impamvu zose ayo masezerano yaburiramo, inasaba ko abagize uruhare mu bwicanyi batakurikiranwa.

5. LETA YA HABYARIMANA YISHE N’ABANYAMAHANGA BARWANYAGA UMUGAMBI WE WO KURIMBURA ABATUTSI

Gutegura Jenoside byajyanaga no gucecekesha abashoboraga gutuma umugambi wa jenoside utagerwaho. Abenshi barishwe, abandi barafungwa cyane cyane abanyamakuru bavugishaga ukuri nka Kameya Andre umuyobozi w’ikinyamakuru Rwanda Rushya. Ni muri urwo rwego, umutaliyanikazi witwa Antonia Locatelli yishwe. Antonia Locatelli yakomokaga mu Butaliyani, yari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cyigisha imyuga iciriritse (CERAI) cya Nyamata. Yishwe mu ijoro ryo ku itariki 9 rishyira itariki ya 10 Werurwe 1992  arashwe n’umujandarume Epimaque Ulimubenshi. Uyu Mutaliyanikazi wari umurezi i Nyamata yari yarakiriye impunzi z’Abatutsi zahungaga abicanyi, abimenyesha inzego zitandukanye zaba iza Leta cyangwa izigenga zirimo Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali, CERAI ya Nyamata yabarizwagamo.

Mu rwego rwo kumvikanisha uburemere bw’ubwicanyi bwari burimo gukorerwa Abatutsi, Antonia Locateli yari yaratanze amakuru kuri Radio Mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa (RFI). Yahise yicwa ikiganiro cye (interview) kikimara gutangazwa mu makuru ya nimugoroba kuri RFI. Uwamwishe ntibyigeze bimutera ikibazo na gato, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko ari ubwicanyi bwari bwateguwe kandi bushyigikiwe na Leta.

Uretse Anatonia Locatelli, hari n’undi munyamahanga Furere Fransisko CARDINAL wakomokaga mu gihugu cya Canada wayoboraga ikigo cy’imyuga cya Butamwa “Centre de formation rurale de la jeunesse de Butamwa” kigishaga urubyiruko imyuga itandukanye, nawe wishwe muri ubwo buryo. Yabanaga muri icyo kigo n’abandi bafurere batatu barimo undi munyacanada witwa Paul LATRAVERSE n’abandi banyarwanda babiri aribo Furere KARAKE Evariste na Furere RWIBANDIRA Pierre Servillien.

Nkuko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 2 Ukuboza 1992 igenewe Minisitiri w’Intebe yanditswe na Dr IYAMUREMYE Augustin wari Umukuru w’ibiro by’iperereza imbere mu gihugu, byabarizwaga kwa Minisitiri w’Intebe, mu ijoro ryo ku itariki 29 rishyira 30 Ugushyingo 1992, Furere CARDINAL wari ufite imyaka 50 y’amavuko yarashwe n’igitero cy’abantu bagera kuri batandatu bambaye imyenda ya gisilikare. Yarasiwe mu kigo cy’abafurere agwa imbere y’icyumba yararagamo. Bamaze kumwica binjiye mu nzu batwara amafranga abarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi magana abiri na Magana ane.

Muri iyo baruwa, umuyobozi mukuru w’ibiro by’iperereza asoza avuga ko abaturage bo muri ako karere binubira imikorere mibi y’inzego zishinzwe umutekano n’iz’ubugenzacyaha, bakavuga ko zifatanyije n’abicanyi ndetse n’amabandi.

Iyicwa rya Furere CARDINAL risa nkaho ritatunguye bamwe mu bari bamuzi cyane cyane abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda. Ku itariki ya 30 Ugushyingo 1992 yaraye arashwe, KINYAMATEKA yaganiriye n’abadipolomate b’abanyamahanga bari bagiye Butamwa aho Furere yari yaraye yiciwe. KINYAMATEKA itangaza ko umwe muri bo yayitangarije ko iryo yicwa ryasaga nkaho ryari ryitezwe kuko yari yarahawe kenshi ubutumwa kuri telefoni ko azicwa, kandi uwo mugambi wari uyobowe na Colonel Elie Sagatwa, muramu wa Perezida Habyarimana, akaba yari n’umujyanama we wihariye.

Jenoside yarinze iba muri 1994 abishe Furere CARDINAL batarahanwa, bikaba byerekana ukuri kw’inyandiko ya KINYAMATEKA igaragaza ko abategetsi bakomeye bari bafite uruhare rw’ibanze mu iyicwa rye.

6. LETA YA HABYARIMANA YAKOMEJE GUTEGURA INTAMBARA NA JENOSIDE

Tariki ya 10 werurwe 1994, MINUAR yaguye   ku rutonde rw’intwaro  nini zari zigenewe ingabo za Habyarimana. Kuri iyo tariki inzego z’ubutasi z’Ububiligi zavuze ko intwaro zakomezaga kwiyongera, umubare w’abasirikari nawo ariko wiyongera. Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo za Loni yasabye uburenganzira bwo gufata izo ntwaro mu mujyi wa Kigali, umunyamabanga mukuru wa Loni aramwangira. Ibyo byemejwe na Minisitiri w’Ingabo w’Ububirigi ubwo yari avuye mu Rwanda, yavuze ko Kigali yuzuyemo intwaro, bikaba byari binyuranije n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha. MINUAR yagerageje gufatira intwaro zari zigenewe abasirikari b’u Rwanda zari zoherejwe na sosiyete y’Abongereza Mil-Tec n’iy’Abafaransa yitwa Dyl-Invest.

Nta gushidikanya ko Habyarimana atari ashishikajwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, kuko ukwiyongera kw’intwaro mu gihugu no mu baturage nta kindi byari bigamije uretse gutsemba Abatutsi n’abageragezaga kuburizamo uwo mugambi. Ubufaransa bwo bwakomeje gushyigikira Leta ya Habyarimana buyisabira kongererwa intwaro n’abasirikari bo kuyirwanirira.

Tariki 11 Werurwe 1992, umuyobozi ushinzwe Afurika na Madagasikari  muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Abafaransa, Paul Dijoud, yagiriye inama Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’ubufaransa, Roland Dumas, kongera inkunga Ubufaransa bwageneraga u Rwanda mu bya gisirikare no  kohereza umujyanama mu bya gisirikare wo ku rwego rwo hejuru muri “Etat-major” y’ingabo z’u Rwanda.

                                   UMUSOZO

Nk’uko ibikorwa byinshi bibyerekana, Leta ya Habyarimana yateguye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ikoresha ubugome bwose bushoboka, kugira ngo uwo mugambi utamenyekana. Habyarimana yatesheje agaciro amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, akomeza gukwirakwiza intwaro mu baturage, no gukoresha iterabwoba hose mu gihugu.

 

Dr BIZIMANA Jean-Damascène,

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa