Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yabaye igitambo cya Revolution 1959

Revolution imena amaraso imaze iki?Revolution yabamwe imaze iki?

Revolution 1959

 intandaro y’urwangano mu Rwanda

Inkubiri y’urwangano rushamikiye ku cyiswe impinduramatwara yo 1959 niyo yabaye nyirabayazana y’ibibazo hagati mu banyarwanda. Imyivumbagatanyo nyarwanda bita  mu ndimi z'amahanga "la Revolution Rwandaise/Rwanda Revolution" yatangiye taliki ya 1/11/1959, ubu hashize imyaka 57. Iyo myivumbagatanyo mpinduramatwara ya politiki yakozwe n'abanyarwanda b'abahutu bari bari bashyigikiwe n’Ababiligi bo bakoronizaga u Rwanda. Amahame ya  Habyarimana Joseph Alias Gitera yarakubiyemo amahame icumi y’abahutu,icyari kigamijwe kwari ukaryanisha abanyarwanda.

Umwami Mutara iii Rudahigwa

Ibi byagezweho urwangano ruravuka,abaruvuka bararuhunga imipaka barayifunga ubuhunzi bwibasira abana b’u Rwanda  baciriwe ishyanga,abasigaye mu Rwanda baricwa kugeza jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994. Icyari kigamijwe kwigishwa ntakindi uretse  kwerekana ko ingoma ya Cyami yabakandamije.Ubutegetsi bwaje bwubakiye

kw'ivangurabwoko, igitugu, ubwiru n'ikinyoma, uburiganya n'ubuhendanyi, urugomo, akarengane, ubwibone, agasuzuguro, kwigizayo abandi b’anyarwanda no kubanena (exclusion et racisme), ubwicanyi no kwingwizaho ibyiza by'igihugu kw'abantu bo mu bwoko bumwe gusa.Mbere y'iriya taliki ya 1/11/1959, hari ibyari byarakozwe kugirango abatutsi n'abahutu babe basangira ubutegetsi mu mahoro n'ituze ariko byose  abanyamadini bisunze ababiligi bo bakoronizaga u Rwanda barabyanze ahubwo bashaka uko  habaho icyo bise Revolution ya rubanda nyamwinshi.Mu mwaka wa 1948 , hari Komisiyo y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (ONU/UN) yaje mu Rwanda ikora iperereza ryayo mu gihugu cyose itanga imyanzuro ko ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda bushingiye ku mahame ya Cyami,ariko ko nta kibazo hagati mu banyarwanda. Nkuko biva mu bitabo bitandukanye byose byerekana ko abantu basumbana ga bakurikije ubutunzi bw’inka n’imyaka ngandurarugo.

                                         Umwamikazi Gicanda abatizwa akitwa Rozariya

 Ubwami bwariho icyo gihe buyobowe n'Umwami Mutara  III Rudahigwa bwakomeje kugenda bukora uko bushoboye  bugabanya ubuhake bwongera abagana ishuri.

 Komisiyo ya ONU/UN yagombaga kuza buri myaka itandatu uko ishize, byarinze bigera mu 1954 ntacyakozwe kuri raporo yabo yo muri 1948 yari yatanze umwanzuro wo gukuraho ubukoroni bw’igihugu cy’ububiligi mu Rwanda ikorweho icyo yari yategenirijwe,ahubwo batangiye kurema urwangano bumvikanisha ko abatutsi bakandamije abahutu. Noneho mu gihe  Komisiyo ya ONU yari hafi kugaruka,  Ababiligi bahise bahatira Umwami Rudahigwa gukuraho ubuhake muri 1954 kugirango ya Komisiyo ya ONU nigaruka izasange hari icyakozwe.

                                                Abazungu batangiye kuvangura Abanyarwanda

Ni muri ubwo buryo  Umwami Mutara III Rudaghigwa yaciye ubuhake mu Rwanda kandi yarabikoze ku bushake bw’ababiligi, ari ONU  yabibategetse.Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho muri 1956, Perezida w'Inama Nkuru y'ubutgetsi bw'u Rwanda n'u Burundi, umubiligi Bwana  A. MAUS yasabye ko abahutu bagira ababahagarariye muri iriya nama yayoboraga.  Ababiligi babinyujije mu madini bashinje Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ko ngo yavuze:atabona uko amenya abari abatutsi n'abari abahutu ariko abivuga ari uburyo bwo kwigizayo icyo gitekerezo gusa. Ibyo byatumye  A.                                                    Umwami Rudahigwa ari iwe i Nyanza

Maus yandika ibaruwa taliki ya 25/04/1956 asezera muri iriya nama nkuru  y'ubutegetsi no k’ubuyozozi  bwayo , yemeza ko mu gihe Uwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yanga ko abahutu bayigiramo abababahagarariye, ikibazo cy'amoko hutu /tutsi kizakomeza kuba ingorabahizi, we n'abamushyigikiye mu kwanga ko abahutu bajya muri iyo nama nkuru  y'ubutegetsi bakazabyibaraho A. Maus atarimo.Ni ko byagenze.

                                                                Umwami Kigeli v Ndahindurwa

Kw'italiki ya  24/03/1957 Gregoire Kayibanada na bagenzi be bandikiye Ubutegetsi bw'Ababiligi mu Rwanda n'Umwami w'u Rwanda Mutara III Rudahigwa inyandiko igaragaza akarengane k'abahutu mu Rwanda ko guhezwa mu butegetsi bw'igihugu,  mu kazi ka leta no mu mashuli,  basoza basaba ko abahutu n'abatutsi bakwiye gusangira ibyiza byose by'igihugu cyabo kuko bose ari icyabo nyine. Abo twaganiriye bazi ibyiyo nkubiri kongeraho ibyo twagiye dukusanya mu biganiro bitandukanye byaba Senateri Tito Rutaremara cyangwa Dr Bizimana Jean Damescene twasanze mu 1957 ibyakorwaga byose byari byararangije gutegurwa. Manifeste y’abahutu yari yaramaze kwandikirwa i Save.

                                                      Abazungu batangira guca Inyambo

Ikindi kinyoma cyahimbwe n’ababiligi nicy’uko bavugaga ngo abahutu ntibize none Kayibanda Gergoire na Habyarimana Joseph Alias Gitera ayo bize bari barayize mu Rwanda rwahehe? Uguhimba ibinyoma no gushakira abantu ibyaha byahawe intebe aho bashinje bamwe  mu batutsi ko batesheje agaciro ibaruwa ya Kayibanda Gergoire na bagenzi be ,bavuzeko ntashingiro ifite.Kw' italiki ya 17/05/1958,  bahimbye ikinyoma gikaze cyagiraga kiti:

                                                Abazungu baca umwami Kigeli v Ndahindurwa

abahutu n'abatusi ntacyo bapfana uretse ko  , abahutu bababera abagaragu, abatutsi bakababera ba shebuja, ko rero ntacyo bafite kugabana cyangwa se gusangira, byaba ubutegetsi, akazi ka leta cyangwa se amashuli.Umutware Bwanakweri Prosper, igikomangoma cy'i Bwami  ababiligi bategetse Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa kumukura i Nyanza aho yatwaraga akamucira ku Kibuye aho atazongera kuvumbura amakosa n’amacakubili babiba mu banyarwanda. Abantu bati:  Abaparimehutu bize he niba barabujijwe kwiga? Ababiligi babibye urwangano bitwaje Revolution 1959.Nyuma y'aho ibibazo byakomeje kuba ingorabahizi nk'uko A. Maus yari yabivuze akanabyandika mu 1956. Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa bimaze kumurenga nibwo yateguye ibaruwa yokurega igihugu cy’ububiligi kubera amacakubili babibaga mu banyarwanda. Aha rero ngo byaje kuba bibi kuko yatumiwe mu nama i Bujumbura akihagera  baba baramwirengeje.

                                   Musenyeri Perode watangije ishyaka MDR PARIMEHUTU

Tariki ya 25/7/1959 nibwo inkuru mbi yasakaye mu banyarwanda ko Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa atangiye ishyanga,abiru bati: Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili yatangiye ishyanga,Umwami Yuhi Musinga atangira ishyanga none n’undi atangiye ishyanga. Abiru bati: Amahano araguye u Rwanda rucuze imiborogo,inkongoro n’inkona bishotse imibili y’abana b’u Rwanda.

                                                Kayibanda Gergoire wayoboye MDR PARIMEHUTU

Inkuru mbi y'uko  Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa   yatanze yaraje igeze k’Umugabekazi Kankazi aravuga ngo "noneho yatinyutse!!!". Aha twibutse ko nta mwami wagombaga kumera imvi akiri umwami, yagomba kunywa agatanga ingoma akayiha undi mbere y'uko uruvi rwa mbere rumumera ku mutwe.Rudahigwa we yari yaramaze kumera nyinshi kuko atakurikije uwo muco wariho mbere ye kubera ko atari yarimitswe n'abiru b'i Bwami; yari yarimitwse n'ababiligi mu 1932 bamaze gucira se ishyanga , Umwami  Musinga,  i Kamembe.

                                                       Gitera washinze amategeko icumi y'Abahutu

  Umwami Kigeli V wasimbuye Rudahigwa yateye ikirenge mu cye cyo kwereka  umuryango w’abibumbye ko ababiligi baryanisha abayarwanda. Aha rero ntabwo byaje korohera umwami Ndahindurwa V Kigeli kuko ababiligi bakomeje kwenyegeza urwangano bashaka ko Revolution yakorwa bamenesheje abatabubaha bose.Ni bwo hahise havuka ku mugaragaro amashyaka ya politiki; ay'ingenzi akaba yari ishyaka rya UNAR ryari rishyigikiye ubwami nkuko bwariho icyo gihe kandi nkuko bwabayeho mu Rwanda rwa kera, n'ishyaka MDR-Parmehutu ryari rishyigikiye ko ubwami buvaho bugasimbuzwa  Repubulika .

                                                   Mbonyumutwa wabaye intandaro y'itwika ku Ndiza

Umwami Kigeli V  wari ushyigikiye ishyaka rya UNAR yahise ashyiraho sushefu Nkuranga amugira Umukuru w'Ingabo z'Umwami ari nazo zari ingabo z'u Rwanda. Ababiligi kugirango urwangano rukure cyane batangiye kugenda bica abanyarwanda nk’uko bari babikoze Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa. Amakuru twakuye ahantu hatandukanye ngo baje kwica bamwe mu bahutu batameraga imeneshwa ry’abatutsi kuko bo bari bagitsimbaraye kuri UNAR.

                                          Gen.Habyalimana asangira bwa nyuma na Perezida Kayibanda

Abo bishwe ngo harimo:Secyugu, bica Sindibona, Mukwiye, Munyandekwe, Kamufozi, Joseph Kanyaruka wari wahungiye i Burundi bakagabayo igitero bakamwicirayo, Dominique Gakuba,  n'abandi benshi tutiriwe turondora hano.  Umugabo Mbonyumutwa Dominique wari Surushefu ku Ndiza yaje guhinduka aba umuparimehutu maze ahamagazwa i Kabgayi kwa Musenyeri Andre Perode amwumvishako agomba kuvuga  amagambo yo gushotorana akavuga ko abahungu b’abatutsi bamukubise urushyi rukumvikanira i Kanyanza mu Ndiza.

                                                           Gen.Habyalimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi

Ababyibuka hari tariki 1/111959. Aha byaje gusakara ko abatutsi bagiraga umutware umwe mu Ndiza none nawe abakaba bamwishe. Iki kinyoma baje gusanga ataricyo kuko bwakeye bakamubona,icyari kigamijwe kwari ukubiba urwangano. Mu mayeri y’ababiligi kwari ukugirango babone uko bica abatutsi,kandi icyo gihe hashakishwaga umututsi wize ,ukize,cyangwa umuhutu wize,ukize udashyigikiye amacakubili y’ivanguramoko.

                                                                         Lt Col Kanyarengwe Alexis

                                                                            Lt Col Nsekarije Aloys

                                                                                 Lt Col Benda Sabin

Icyo kinyoma cya Musenyeri Perode cyaje kugenda kibasira umutware Nkusi baramutwikira, bica abasushefu b'abatutsi babiri ari bo Katarambirwa na Matsiko, ni uko  imyivumbagatanyo yo kw'italiki ya 1/11/1959 itangira ityo, ikwira igihugu cyose nk'umuyaga ku buryo izina ryayo abaturage bayise  icyo gihe ni "muyaga" yo muri 59. Umwami  Kigeli V  n'ishyaka bari bashyigikiye rya UNAR; iyo  bataza no guhura n’ababiligi bashakaga kuzana urwangano mu banyarwanda ntakibazo cyari kubaho,bityo nta n'impunzi za 59 ziba zarabayeho, ku buryo ubu u Rwanda ruba rufite indi sura rudafite ubungugubu.Iyo umuntu yumva ibinyoma byabavuga ngo bashakaga kugarura Umwami Kigeli V bitera agahinda abanyarwanda bazi ububi bwa Revolution 1959 n’amaraso yamennye. Iyi nkubiri yuru rwangano niyo yahaye ubutegetsi ishyaka MDR Parmehutu.

                                                                            Maj.Gahimano Fabien

                                                                                 Maj.Simba Aloys

                                                                                 Maj. Serubuga Laurent

Ubutegetsi bwabaye bubi kuko ivanguramoko ryahawe intebe irangamuntu y’ubwoko iba iyambere gukumira umututsi mu mashuri no muyindi milimo,ihame ryuko nta mututsi waba umusilikare rigirwa indahiro nk’uko ivanjiri ivugwaho mu misa. 5 Nyakanga 1973  nabwo mu Rwanda hongeye kwaduka  iyicwa ry’abatutsi urokotse acirirwa ishyanga uwo mu gihugu imbere aba mu gihirahiro kugeza 1994 yicwa. Ivanguramoko  nihezwa ry’abamwe mu banyarwanda byagiye bituma bahunga ingoma y’igitugu kugeza aho  hashingiwe umuryango FPR Inkotanyi. 1988 nibwo Gen Gisa Fred Rwigema yabwiye Perezida Gen Habyarimana ko u Rwanda rufite abajenerari babili. Perezida Habyarima yavuye Kampala abikojeje akazu  kabitera utwatsi. Perezida Habyarimana yateguye guha ubutegetsi mwene  wabo Col Mayuya maze Agatha Habyarimana n’akazu baba baramwirengeje.

                                                                             Maj.Ruhashya Epimaque

 

Guheza abanyarwanda no gufunga imipaka  no gukandamiza abari mu Rwanda byakomeje kugenda bifata indi ntera kugeza 01/ukwakira 1990 ubwo FPR inkotanyi yafataga icyemezo cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’abanyarwanda ikoresheje intwaro,kuko  umushyikirano wari warananiranye.Urugamba rwarakomeye hagati ya MRND na FPR ,icyaje gutangaza n’uburyo Leta ya Kigali yananiwe urugamba ijya gushakisha abatutsi irafunga ,irica n’ibindi byiyica rubozo bibangamira uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu.

                                                               Les onzes Cammarade du 5 /7/1973

Urugamba rwaje gukomera kugeza n’ubwo abambari bo mu kazu baje kwica Perezida Habyarimana kugirango babone uko bakorera abatutsi jenoside. Ibi babigezeho nk’uko mu myaka yashize bagiye babikora. FPR yabohoje u Rwanda ishyiraho Leta y’inzibacyuho irimo amoko yose yerekana ko u Rwanda rw’ubu rugomba gutandukana n’urwo hambere.

                                                                      Guverinoma ya Perezida Habyarimana

FPR yashyizeho inzego zose mu myanya yose,ubutabera nibwo bwari butegerejwe na benshi. Aha byaterwaga na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kugirango barebe uko bakomora ibikomere byabakomerekejwe.Abanyarwanda bose. Ari Repulika ya mbere, yabaye Repubulika mputu aho kuba Repubulika y'abanyarwanda bose bitewe n'uko abayobozi ba MDR-Parmehutu batwawe nicyo bise ngo  n'ubwihimure ku batutsi ; ari na Repubuilika ya kabiri nayo yabaye Repubulika mputu aho kuba Repubulika y'abanyarwanda bose, ndetse yongeraho n'akarusho ko gukumira abatutsi mu mashuli no mu kazi ka leta, no gusubiza abatutsi bari barahinduje ubwoko bakigira abahutu mu buryo bwo gushakisha uko babaho, ni uko bagasubizwa ubwoko bwabo ku ngufu za Leta.

                               Leta y'abatabazi yakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994

Repubulika ya FPR Inkotanyi nayo iriho kuva taliki ya 4/7/1994, yo ikaba ishimwa ko ubu yahuje abanyarwanda itarebye aho ivuye igashyira imbbere kunga abanyarwanda. Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa we yamaganye ubukoroni bw’ababiligi arabizira. Uyu munsi ibihugu by’ubufaransa n’ibindi byatereranye abatutsi bakicwa nibyo bivuga ko mu Rwanda abayobozi bakwiye gukurikiranwa n’inkiko zabo. Revolution ntacyo yamariye abanyarwanda,ahubwo yateye intimba kugeza n’ubu.

Murenzi Louis