Ubukoloni inzira y’urwangano yoretse u Rwanda kugeza kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994.
U Rwanda rwari rwimakaje mu mitegekere kuko ntaho rwari ruhuriye n’amacakubili . Ubukoloni busimbuye ubuhake nibwo hatangiye ikibazo hagati mu banyarwanda kuva umukoloni wa mbere ageze mu Rwanda.
Umudage Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen yageze mu Rwnada ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1894, amateka yerekana ko byari mu rwego rwo guperereza igihugu bagiye kugira ingwate y’ubukoloni. Nkuko byagaragaye mu bihugu byakolonijwe byose habanzaga guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage.
Icyambere habaga harimo guhindura imyemerere,imiyoborere n’ibindi noneho mu Rwanda hagombaga no kuberaka ko bazanye amajyambere,harimo kwambara imyenda no kwiga. Abadage ntabwo batinze mu Rwanda kuko Ababiligi nibo bababasimbuye kugeza bakoze jenoside bayikorera Abatutsi. Abadage bagikandagira ku butaka bw’u Rwnada babanje kubakanga cyane babatera ubwoba,bikaba aribyo byafashije Ababiligi gukoloniza nta kibazo bahuye nacyo.
Abanyarwanda bizeraga ubutegetsi bwabo buyobowe n’Umwami ,bakizera Ryangombe Imana y’i Rwanda. Abadage binjiye u Rwanda igihe rwategekwaga n’Umwami Rwabugili Kigeli IV.Mbere yuko Abadage binjira mu Rwnada barabanje bararwana iz’Umwami zikoresha imyambi nahoiz’Abadage zikoresha imbunda. Iyi mirwano iz’Umwami w’u Rwnada zarananiwe. Aha rero niho Abanyarwanda batereye icyizere kuko babonye rutuku arwinjiye bati”ishyano riraguye imburagihana ibuze gihanura.Impamvu ni uko ari nabwo bwa mbere bari babonye umuzungu kandi akinjira yica abenegihugu.
Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili yarafite imitwe y’ingabo myinshi harimo Inkotanyi ,Inyenzi,Inzirabwoba n’indi myinshi bayirasheho hasigara ingerere kuko indi yari yirutse. Ingoma y’Umwami Musinga ntayindi mitwe mishya y’ingabo yongeye kubaho kuko hari hamaze kwinjira ingabo zza babiligi bamaze kweguza Abadage mu Rwanda. Intandaro yibibi byabaye mu Rwnada byaje kugenda bifata intera nkaho u Rwnada rwasigaye rurinzwe n’igisirikare cy’abanyamahanga. Amateka ntazibagirana mu banyarwanda kuko guhera 1910 aribwo u Rwanda barwambuye ubutaka bwarwo,ibi byakozwe imyaka ibili gusa kuko byegeze 1912.
Ibi bihanywa naberekana ukuntu Kivu yaruguru niyo hepfo muri Congo Kinshasa,ahandi hagashyirwa ku gihugu cya Uganda. Ababiligi bakoze bibi kurenza Abadage kuko bo baje no kwereka Umwami Musinga ko natabayoboka bizaba bibi cyane. Ababiligi barabanje bambura Umwami ijambo kuko babikoze mu 1917,aha niho ubukoloni noneho bwatangiye gukaza umurego Uko ubukoloni bwarushagaho kwegera abanyarwanda ni nako bwarushagaho kwangisha Umwami rubanda.
Ababiligi batangiye kuzana imikorere mibi yo gufata uwo bashinje icyaha bakamuzirika ku biti binini bagakubita inkoni,kandi aboshywe. Batangiye kwangisha abanyarwanda Imana yabo yaremye ijuru n’isi,kandi muri byo bihe byafatwaga nk’umuco gakondo udashobora gukurwaho. Aha ni naho bavugira ko Kiliziya yakuye kirazira.
Mu mwaka wa 1917 ni bwo Rezida Major Declerk yajyanye Musinga gusinya iteka riha buri Munyarwanda uburenganzira bwo kuyoboka idini yishakiye. Aha havuzwe byinshi kuko u Rwanda rwari rutanzwe burundu kandi kuvana umunyarwarwanda kuri Ryangombe byari bibi cyane. Nibwo Kiliziya gatulika yahawe ubuzima gatozi bw;itorero ryemewe gukorera mu Rwanda. Umwami Musinga ntiyarazi gusoma no kwandika ,uyu munsi ibyo yasinye nibyo byahembereye jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994. Ubukoloni bwakajije umurego kuko 1922 nibwo Musinga yambuwe uburenganzira bwo guca imanza. Bwabutavuguruzwa bw’Umwami kuko niko ubwiru bwabigenaga bikamuha kuba ariwe Nteko y’ikirenga mu gihugu.
Rezida yategetse ko Umwami naca urubanza akungirizwa n’umuzungu. Aha rero niho bamwamburiye uburenganzira bwose.Undi mwaka wabaye ikibazo mu Rwanda ni 1923 kuko nibwo bamwambuye ububasha bwo kugaba imisozi. Ikindi cyavuzwe muri uwo mwaka yabujijwe gushyiraho Abatware no kubanyaga ,uko yishakiye. Abatware nabo babujijwe gushyiraho abashefu n’abashurushefu nk’uko babikoraga. Amateka yerekana ko ishyirwaho n’ikurwaho ry’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bishyirwa mu maboko y’Abakoloni. Abakoloni baje gukora igikorwa kibi babikora 1924 bakuraho itorero kuko niryo ryigishirizwaga imyuga,umuco Indangagaciro za kirazira,ubumenyi ngiro bw’ingeri nyinshi n’ imitegekere y’igihugu. Amateka yerekana ko iryo torero ryahanganywe na Gihanga,riza guhabwa agaciro na Ruganzu Ndoli II.
Kiliziya gatulika kuko yari yarahawe ubuzima gatozi yashinze amashuri yigisha gatigisimu ahita akuraho itorero.Uko iminsi yagendaga yisunika, niko imyumvire y’inyigisho ku Itorero mu banyarwanda yagiye ibavamo, waba uvuze Itorero ntibumve ishuri nsakazabumenyi ry’abanyarwanda bo ha mbere, bakumva Intore zihamiriza. Kiliziya yatangiye ica kirazira hagati mu banyarwanda kuko 1925 hakuweho ubwiru,umuganura nibindi byose byahag umunyarwanda indangagaciro.
Ubwiru bwari Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda ryahanzwe na Gihanga, riza kuvugururwa bwa mbere na Mutara Semugeshi. Ubwiru bwari bushinzwe kugena uko umuganura ukoreshwa. Uko imyaka yashiraga indi igataha ni nako ubukoloni bwarushagaho gukaza umurego no kunyaga abatware nkaho Adiminisitarateri wa Nyanza yafashe icyemezo cyo guca(kunyaga) Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba umutware w’Abiru amucira i Gitega ho mu gihugu cy’u Burundi. Abasesenguraga bahise bemeza ko u Rwanda rwatanzwe bakabihisha.
Ababiligi bakuyeho ingabo z’u Rwanda 1926 ,ibi byshyizweho umukono n’ Umubiligi Mortehan . Ibi byari ukwereka Umwami Musinga ko batamwishimiye. Kugirengo Ababiligi bashyikire neza ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda 1927 bakuyeho urugerero,kandi rwari rwarashyizweho n’Umwami Cyilima II Rujugiro mu 1691 rwari rwarashyizweho ngo rukumire ibitero mvamahanga,ikindi bakabimenya bitarasakara mu gihugu.(intasi)kuko barindaga abanyarwanda ntihagire abaturage bicwa n’umwanzi yateye,kandi byatumaga n’imitungo yabo inyagwa.
Urugerero iyo rwakoraga ubutasi ingabo nazo zamenyaga aho umwanzi aherereye,bakamukumira bakamurwanya ntacyo arageraho. Guhamya urwangano mu Rwanda byagaragaye mu 1931 aho Umwami Yuhi Musinga na nyina Kanjogera bacirirwaga i Kamembe, aha hafatwaga nk’ishyaga inyuma y’ishyamba ahataranaga inshyushyu. Musinga niwe mwami wakuwe ku ngoma adatanze nk’uko ubwiru bwabigenaga.
Ababiligi bimitse Umwami Rudahigwa nawe aza gutanga ari i Bujumbura mu gihugu cy’u Burundi.Umwami Kigeli we yahuye n’intambara ya MDR Parimehutu. Kuva 1959 nibwo byatangiye bitutumba 1962 haba habaye icyiswe ubwigenge. Abanyarwanda barahunze abandi baricwa. 1967 naho u Rwanda ntibyarworoheye kuko nabwo habaye ubwicanyi. 1972 u Rwanda rwongeye gucura umuborongo. Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994 yarateguwe . Iki gihe cyose ubukoloni bwari bukirekereje bwifashishije amadini n’inzego z’ubutegetsi. Ibyakorewe abatutsi bizabazwa nde?utabibazwa ninde? Abakoloni bapimye imbavu bapima amazuru harangira habaye jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Murenzi Louis
