Ninde wishe Patrice Lumumba ( Igice cya mbere)

Hagati y’imyaka ya 1959 ukageza 1962 yari imyaka ibihugu by’Afurika byari mu nkundara yo gushaka ubwigenge bava mu ngoyi ya gikoroni arinako hatangizwa amashyaka ya politiki kugirango ibihugu byabo bibone demokarasi. Buri gihugu cyari gifite umurwanashyaka w’imena waharaniraga  ubwigenge bw’igihugu cye abenshi babigezeho, abandi bapfa rugikubita.

                                            Patrice Lumumba

Amwe mu mazina yibukwa yo muri iyo myaka hari nka ba Nkwame Nkurumah bo muri Ghana, ba Juliyasi Nyerere wo muri Tanzania, Nerson Mandera Afurika yepfo, Jomo Kenyatta Kenya ari naho Patrice Lumumba  wa Kongo nawe yibukirwa.

Bamwe muri abo bayobozi twavuze haruguru, byarabahiriye ibihugu byabo bibona ubwigenge baba n’abayobozi bakuru babyo, abandi ntibyabahiriye bamwe barafunzwe, abandi bapfa rugikubita.

Impamvu nyamukuru igaragara muri bimwe mu bihugu byasabaga ubwigenge, byabusabaga bititeguye kwakira ubwo bwigenge n’uburyo bazabwitwaramo abaturage bose bakabwibonamo bakabona itandukaniro hagati y’ubwigenge n’ingoma ya gikoroni.

 Aha niho usanga bimwe muri byo bihugu byari bifite idarapo rizamuye ariko hagitegeka umukoroni, urugero nurwo mu Rwanda hari ibendera ry’igihugu cy’u Rwanda ariko ba Musenyeri Andre Peroduin nibo bategekaga ndetse bamwe mu baturage barwo batangira kuhunga kandi mu gihe cya gikoroni batari barahunze, ubwigenge buba bera bubi kurusha ingomagi ya gikoroni.

Ubu  buryo bwo gusaba ubwigenge kutateguwe nibwo  Patrice Lumumba wa Kongo yahuye nabwo, ubwo yaharaniraga ubwigenge, akabuhabwa, ariko akananizwa na bamwe muri bagenzi be bafatanyije iyo nzira ndende ya Demokarasi nyuma bagasubiraa inyuma bagakomeza kwifatanya n’abakoroni bikaza kumuviramo kwicwa.

Mu myaka yose ishize kuva 1961 kugeza none iyicwa rya Lumumba ryabaye ihurizo ritagira igisubizo. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, Leta ya Leopoldville (Kinshasa yubu)  ibajijwe ibyu urupfu rwa Lumumba, yatanze impamvu ebyiri yinyuramo zerekana uburyo Lumumba yapfuyemo.

Impamvu ya mbere  Leta yatanze; yavuze ko Lumumba ariwe wiyahuye ubwo yarafungiye muri gereza ya THYVILLE, imamvu ya kabiri; bati we na bagenzi be bari bafunganywe baratorotse bava muri gereza  aho bari bafungiye bwa nyuma ngo muri uko gutoroka bakaba baraciye mu cyaro cyarimo ubwoko butavugaga rumwe nawe ngo abo baturage barabivugana.

Ariko igitangaje muri zo mpamvu zose ko ari ebyiri yaba ari ukuri cyangwa  atari ko, igikuru n’uko ntawigeze yerekana igituro Lumumba yaba yarahamwemo kugeza ubu yaba yariyishe cyangwa yarishwe nabo banzi be nk’uko Leta ya Kongo yabitangaje.

Lumumba yari muntu ki?

Umurwanashyaka Patrice Emiry Lumumba yavutse mu mwaka 1925 avukira ahitwa Katakokombe mu ntara ya Kasayi  muri Kongo Mbirigi akaba yari  uwo mu bwoko bwitwa BATATELA.

Inkunduro yo gushaka ubwigenge bwa Kongo yatangiye mu mwak 1957 itangijwe ku mugaragaro n’uwitwaga JOSEPH KASAVUBU atangije ishyaka  rya mbere ryitwaga “ABAKONGO”  rishingiye ku bwoko  bw’Abakongo.

Atangiza iri  shyaka  yari afite intego eshatu nyamukuru; Iyambere kwari uguhuza  ubwoko bw’Abakongo babaga mu gihugu imbere ndetse n’ababaga hanze yacyo; Iya kabiri kwari  ukwita ku rururimi rwabo rwa gikongo ngo rutazibagirana, iya gatatu  ariyo yari ihatse izindi kwari uguharanira ubwijyenge.

Kasavubu wari warize iseminari yigira ubupadiri nyuma akabivamo, yarwanaga no guhuriza hamwe ubwoko bw’Abakongo ba Kongo Leopoldville, aba Kongo Brazaville nabo muri Angora ariko afite intego yo kusubizaho ingoma y’ubwami bwabo bwari bwarakuweho mu kinyejana cya 16.

Irindi shyaka rya kabiri ryatangijwe mu mwaka 1958 ryitwa “The Movement National Congolais”( MNC) ritangijwe na PATRICE LUMUMBA. Na none muri uwo mwaka mu ntara ya Katanga hatangizwa irindi shyaka rishingiye ku bwoko bw’Abanyagatanga ryitwaga“Confederation des Association Tribales du Katanga” (CONAKAT)

Iri shyaka ryatangijwe n’uwitwaga MOISE TSHOMBE, rifite intego yo guharanira ubwigenge bw’Intara ya Gatanga  gusa rikaba ryarakoranaga byahafi na tumwe mu dutsiko tw’Abakoroni ba Babirigi.

Kugera mu Ukwakira 1959 amashyaka agera kuri 53 yari amaze guhabwa ubuzima gatozi ari nako yiyongera  uko bukeye, bigeze mu mwaka 1960  amashyaka agera ku 120 yaramaze kwiyandikisha ariko amenshi muri yo yabaga ashingiye ku bwoko ayandi ashingiye ku ma Provence (Intara).

Muri icyo gihe amashyaka menshi amaze gutangizwa, hagati y’umwaka 1958 ni 1959 Leta ya Leopoldville yatangiye guhura n’imvururu za hato na hato ziterwa n’abarwanashyaka b’ishyaka rya Lumumba  bagaragaraga ko bafite inyota y’ubwigenge kandi ko barambiwe bagashakabuhacye ibyo nibyo byatumaga bahanganye n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoroni  buri munsi kurusha andi mashyaka bituma Lumumba akatirwa igifungo cy’amezi atandatu  bamurega guteza umutekano muke.

Icyo gikorwa cyo gufunga Lumumba cyongereye imbaraga abigaragambyaga noneho ibintu birushaho kuba bibi, bituma muri Mutarama 1960 Leta ya gikoroni itumiza inama  y’igitaraganya igizwe n’amashyaka 13 yari afite imbaraga kurusha ayandi, harimo ABAKO, CONAKAT na MNC, ku murongo w’ibyigwa hari “agenda” imwe yo kureba uburyo hashyirwaho gahunda n’ibisabwa kugirango babahe ubwigenge iyo nama Lumumba  nk’umuyobozi wa MNC yayitabiriye avuye muri gereza afunguwe  by’agateganyo.

Muri iyo nama Leta y’Ububirigi yeretse ayo mashyaka impamvu ituma batahabwa ubwigenge bavuga ko Abanyekongo batiteguye guhabwa ubwigenge, babereka gahunda babateguriye izatwara imyaka umunani ibyo bitaga kubaha ubwigenge neza nabo bamaze kugira ibyo batunganya ariko abanyamuryango bayo mashyaka bari muri yo nama iyo gahunda bayiteye utwatsi ahubwo barushaho kotsa igitutu Leta ya gikoroni ari nabwo yabemereye kubaha ubwigenge itariki 30, Nyakanga 1960 kugirango bagabanye imvururu.Irakomeza mu cyumweru gitaha.

GAKWANDI James